Importance of traveling Free Essays

Have you at any point asked why voyaging is so significant? Most measure of individuals around the word believe that voyaging is an exercise in futility and cash. To me voyaging is significant , in light of the fact that making a trip is an approach to get more information about conventions and religions from various nations. Voyaging additionally is a side interest for the vast majority, since making a trip causes individuals to dispose of terrible musings and get refreshed after long a long time of difficult work. We will compose a custom article test on Significance of voyaging or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Venturing out is basic to us all, on the grounds that by voyaging we find new things that we’ve ever observed previously. Each nation around the globe has its own intriguing history and religions. Each nation around the globe likewise has its own well known spots to visit. Here in America well known spots to visit are Disneyland, Six Flags and Hollywood. Disneyland is well known far and wide and the vast majority might want to visit Disneyland. Disneyland is where individuals could have a ton of fun, children or adolescents, however grown-ups also. Disneyland is a spot for individuals various ages. For instance, I was there with my family around three years prior and we had a ton of fun. Obviously we went through a ton of cash, however regardless of it, the recollections will endure forever. Presently we have a fantasy to travel to Paris, yet we can't manage the cost of it as of now. It is extravagant and gets an extensive costs however we trust that later on we will have enough cash to visit Paris. These days many individuals visit Hawaii. Hawaii is an excellent spot with wonderful lodgings that open up the IEEE to the sea shores . The travel industry there is fun and energizing for additional individuals. The travel industry in Hawaii is huge in light of the fact that it is lovely , individuals truly like spots like Hawaii and they need to return to those spots. My family and I are likewise longing for traveling to an excellent Hawaii. We likewise need to head out to Italy, Greece, Israel and Russia. I accept that these excursions will be pleasant and we get a great deal of fun. Our youngsters will have the recollections which they will recall all through their life’s. The most effective method to refer to Importance of voyaging, Papers

Wireless Lan Applications Areas Computer Science Essay

Remote Lan Applications Areas Computer Science Essay G. Marconi developed the remote message in 1896. In 1901, he imparted transmitted signs over the Atlantic Ocean from Cornwall to St. Johns Newfoundland; a separation of 1800 miles. His development permitted two gatherings to convey by sending each other alphanumeric characters encoded in a simple sign. In the course of the only remaining century, propels in remote advancements have prompted the radio, the TV, the cell phone, and correspondence satellites. A wide range of data would now be able to be sent to pretty much every edge of the world. As of late, a great consideration has been centered around remote systems administration. Early remote LAN items, presented in the late 1980s, were advertised alternative for customary wired LANs. Remote systems administration is permitting organizations to create WANs, MANs, and LANs without cabling. A remote LAN spares the expense of the establishment of LAN cabling and facilitates the assignment of migration and different changes to organize structure. The IEEE has created 802.11 as a standard for remote LANs. The Bluetooth business consortium is additionally attempting to give a consistent remote systems administration innovation. The effect of remote interchanges has been and will keep on being significant. Not many creations have had the option to recoil the world in such a way. The gauges that characterize how remote specialized gadgets collaborate are rapidly uniting and before long will permit the production of a worldwide remote system that will convey a wide assortment of administrations. 1.2 Over view As the name recommends, a remote LAN is one that utilizes a remote transmission medium. Up to this point, remote LANs were minimal utilized. The purposes behind this included significant expenses, information rates, word related wellbeing concerns, and authorizing necessities. As these issues have been presently tended to, the prominence of remote LANs has developed quickly. 1.3 Wireless LAN Applications Areas: There are four application zones for remote LANs: LAN augmentation, Cross-building interconnect, Roaming access and Specially appointed systems. LAN Extension The inspiration for remote LANs was surpassed by occasions. To start with, as attention to the requirement for LANs got more noteworthy, draftsmen structured new structures to incorporate broad pre wiring for information applications. Second, with progresses in information transmission innovation, there is an expanding dependence on curved pair cabling for LANs and specifically, Category3 and Category 5 unshielded wound pair. In any case, in certain conditions, there is a job for the remote LAN as an option in contrast to a wired LAN. Models incorporate structures with enormous open territories. In the greater part of these cases, an association will likewise have a wired LAN to help servers and some fixed workstations. Therefore, this application region is alluded to as LAN augmentation. There is a spine wired LAN, for example, Ethernet, that underpins servers, workstations, and at least one extensions or switches to connect with different systems. Also, there is a Control Module (CM) that goes about as an interface to a remote LAN. The control module incorporates either extension or switch usefulness to interface the remote LAN to the spine. It incorporates a type of access control rationale, for example, a surveying or token-passing plan, to direct the entrance from the end frameworks. Cross-Building Interconnect Another utilization of remote LAN innovation is to associate LANs in close by structures, be they wired or remote LANs. For this situation, a point-to-point remote connection is utilized between two structures. The gadgets so associated are ordinarily scaffolds or switches. This single point-to-point connect isn't a LAN essentially, yet it is common to incorporate this application under the heading of remote LAN. Itinerant Access Itinerant access gives a remote connection between a LAN center point and portable information terminal furnished with a reception apparatus, for example, a PC notebook PC. Itinerant access is likewise helpful in an all-encompassing condition, for example, a grounds or a business working out of a group of structures. Impromptu Networking An impromptu system is a distributed system (no brought together server) set up incidentally to meet some quick need. For instance, a gathering of workers, each with a PC or palmtop PC may assemble in a meeting space for a business or homeroom meeting. The representatives connect their PCs in an impermanent system only for the term of the gathering. There are contrasts between a remote LAN that bolsters LAN expansion and traveling access prerequisites and a specially appointed remote LAN. In the previous case, the remote LAN frames a fixed framework comprising of at least one cells with a control module for every cell. Inside a cell, there might be various fixed end frameworks. Migrant stations can move starting with one cell then onto the next. Interestingly, there is no foundation for a specially appointed system. Or maybe, a friend assortment of stations inside scope of one another may progressively design themselves into an impermanent system. Fig 1.1 Wireless LAN Configurations 1.4 Wireless LAN Requirements A remote LAN must meet a similar kind of prerequisites normal of any LAN, including high limit, capacity to cover short separations, full availability among connected stations, and communicate ability. What's more, there are various necessities explicit to the remote LAN condition. Coming up next are among the most significant necessities for remote LANs. Throughput: The medium access control convention should make as proficient use as conceivable of the remote medium to boost limit. Number of hubs: Wireless LANs may need to help several hubs over various cells. Association with spine LAN: In many cases, interconnection with stations on a wired spine LAN is required. For foundation remote LANs, this is handily cultivated using control modules that interface with the two kinds of LANs. There may likewise should be settlement for portable clients and specially appointed remote systems. Administration territory: A commonplace inclusion zone for a remote LAN has a measurement of 100 to 300m. Battery power utilization: Mobile specialists use battery-fueled workstations that need to have a long battery life when utilized with remote connectors. This recommends a MAC convention that requires portable hubs to screen passages continually or participate in visit handshakes with a base station is wrong. Commonplace remote LAN executions have highlights to decrease power utilization while not utilizing the system, for example, a rest mode. Transmission heartiness and security: Unless appropriately planned, a remote LAN might be impedance inclined and effortlessly spied. The plan of a remote LAN must allow solid transmission even in a boisterous situation and ought to give some degree of security from listening stealthily. Assembled organize activity: As Wireless LANs become progressively famous, it is very likely for at least two remote LANs to work in a similar zone or in some territory where obstruction between the LANs is conceivable. Such interferee may ruin the typical activity of a MAC calculation and may permit unapproved access to a specific LAN. Permit free activity: Users would like to purchase and work remote LAN items without making sure about a permit for the recurrence band utilized by the LAN. Handoff/meandering: The MAC convention utilized in the remote LAN should empower versatile stations to move starting with one cell then onto the next. Dynamic design: The MAC tending to and organize the executives parts of the LAN should allow dynamic and computerized expansion, cancellation, and migration of end frameworks without disturbance to different clients. 1.5 The Trouble with Wireless Remote is advantageous and frequently more affordable to send than fixed administrations, yet remote isn't great. There are constraints, political and specialized troubles that may at last keep remote advances from arriving at the opposite side with maximum capacity. Two constraining issues are contrary norms and gadget restrictions. Gadget confinements likewise limit the free progression of information. The little LCD on a cell phone is lacking for showing in excess of a couple of lines of content. In increases, most versatile remote gadgets can't get to by far most of WWW destinations on the Internet. The programs utilize an uncommon language, remote markup language (WML), rather than the true standard HTML. In all likelihood, nobody remote gadget will have the option to address each issue. The capability of remote can be met yet not with a solitary item. Remote will succeed on the grounds that it will be coordinated into an assortment of gadgets that can meet an assortment of requirements. 1.6 Fading in the Mobile Environment Maybe the most testing specialized issue being looked by correspondence frameworks engineers is blurring in a portable situation. The term blurring alludes to the time variety of got signal force brought about by changes in the transmission medium or path(s). In a fixed situation, blurring is influenced by changes in barometrical conditions, for example, precipitation. Be that as it may, in a versatile situation, where one of the two radio wires is moving comparative with the other, the general area of different obstructions changes after some time, making complex transmission impacts. 1.6.1 Types of Fading Blurring impacts in a portable domain can be delegated either quick or moderate. Alluding to Fig 1.2, as the versatile unit descends a road in a urban domain, quick varieties in signal quality happen over separations of around one-a large portion of a frequency. The quickly changing waveform is a case of the spatial variety of got signal abundancy. The progressions of plentifulness can be as much as 20 or 30 dB over a short separation. This sort of quickly changing blurring wonder, known as fat blurring, influences cell phones in vehicles, however even a cell phone client strolling down a urban road. As the portable client covers separates well more than a frequency, the urban condition changes, as the client passes structures of various statures, empty parcels, convergences, thus

Blog Archive MBA News Relationship Improving Between B-Schools and Consultants

Blog Archive MBA News Relationship Improving Between B-Schools and Consultants Yesterday, in part one of a three-part series on MBA admissions counseling, the new online MBA community Poets and Quants delved into the complicated relationship between admissions committees and consultants, ultimately determining that business schools are becoming more accepting of MBA admissions consultants like mbaMission. In the article, PQ estimates that one-quarter to one-third of applicants to the top ten business schools now use consulting services, and posits that as many as one-half of Harvard, Stanford and Whartons applicants engage consultants. Jeremy Shinewald, mbaMissions founder and president, is quoted extensively in the article, commenting on the newly warmed relationship: “[Schools] can use us as a marketing tool to reach more people than they would going out on the roadwe’re part of the communication channel for them in a way that’s very cheap and easy.” Evidence of this trend can be found on our own Web site, where we have posted our exclusive interviews with admissions officers from many of the leading MBA programs. We were pleased to see that PQ listed mbaMission as a one of the leading players in MBA admissions consulting. Share ThisTweet News

Before Nelson Mandela Went On Trial Along With Other Anc

Before Nelson Mandela went on trial along with other ANC leader that sentenced them, Mandela open up with a powerful and emotional speech that was about four hours long. In Mandela speech he made some valiant points: â€Å" White supremacy implies black inferiority. Legislation designed to preserve white supremacy entrenches this notion. Menial tasks in South Africa are invariably performed by Africans. When anything has to be carried of cleaned the white man will look around for an African to so it for him, whether the African is employed by him or not. Because of this sort of attitude, whites tend to regard Africans as a separate breed. The do not look upon them as people with families of her own: they do not realize that we have†¦show more content†¦I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons will live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal for which I hope to live for and see realized. But, My Lord if it needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die (Peralta).† Nelson Mandela attitude toward the entire incident was hopefu l. Event thought the punishment was 27 to life in prison was a bit harsh. Mandela kept his sanity even through harsh treatment and sickness while in prison. Nelson Mandela spent 27 years in prison 18 of those years incarcerated on Robben Island and the rest at Pollsmoor Prison. While Mandela was on Robben Island he still was a strong symbol for black resistance who was for his release and led an international campaign. Mandela had a global political community that was still growing while he was in prison. That is when the South African government descried to move Mandela and the 10 ANC to another Prison the Pollsmoor Prison. They were hoping to cut off contact between them and the South African Government. But it didn’t work, his people was only growing stronger which led to previously president and other government to have many private talks with Mandela. This led to Nelson Mandela becoming the first black President of South AfricanShow MoreRelatedNelson Mendela: A Promiment Hero Essay767 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"It always seems impossible until it’s done.† Nelson Mandela is a renowned African leader and is known for advocating love, peace and unity. Nelson was keen for transforming a model of racial separation and oppression into an open democracy. In his time, Nelson served a significant role as former president of South Africa during the Apartheid era. Before he became a hero, he underwent overwhelming obstacles. Nelson spent 27 years in prison not for a murder or act of genocide he committed, but forRead MoreThe Bravery of Nelson Mandela1431 Words   |  6 Pagesoff one’s chains, but to live in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of others† (Newsone.com, 2011). Bravery is a phrase topped up with numerous connotations. Bravery is to stand your ground and gaze worry in the face and overcome the unrealistic. One will not face their fears or display anyone can be a champion, but it is the brave and audacious hearted actions of an individual that divides them from other amateurs that cannot fit the recount. Not anything in life is free or arrives withoutRead MoreCelie Rourks . English 1 - 7Th Period. 05-01-17. Research1606 Words   |  7 PagesCelie Rourks English 1 - 7th Period 05-01-17 RESEARCH PAPER Who was Nelson Mandela and how did he have an impact on racial problems in South Africa? Nelson Mandela INFORMATION: Nelson Rohihlahia (stirring up trouble) Mandela was born on 18 July 1918, near Umtata, in the Transkei region of South Africa. His father was Chief Henry Mandela of the Tembu Tribe. Mandela was trained to become the next chief to rule his tribe, but he was also a determined student and eventually joined an all blackRead MoreBiography of Nelson Mandela Essays2224 Words   |  9 PagesNelson Mandela Nelson Mandela is recognized for his leadership as a peacemaker and for distinctive aspects of his peacemaking practices all throughout the world. He was the leader of one of the most incredible political transitions in human history. Mandela is known as one of the great moral and political leaders of our times; an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa, won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country. Read MoreNelson Mandela Spiritual Biography2263 Words   |  10 PagesAfrican, Free Nelson Mandela challenged the status quo in many ways weather it was done politically, socially, or personally, in order to achieve such high goals Mandela paid many great personal expenses. Before the acts of Nelson Mandela, the country of South Africa was broken; it was plunged in a deep racism with the election in 1948. The regime of 1948 committed the crime of Apartheid which is defined as the action of committing inhumane acts of a character similar to other crimes against humanityRead MoreThe Legacy Of Nelson Mandela1377 Words   |  6 Pagesto the succeeding generations. Nelson Mandela is among these few charismatic leaders, who spent his entire life for his unquenchable thirst for freedom and human rights. His life was a consistent battle; battle against inequality, racism, peace and democracy. His perseverance and indomitable spirit helped him to attain his goal and his noble mission of spreading equality and establishing human rights. The contemporary situation was not at all favourable for him. Nelson Mandela’s entire life is theRead MoreThe Life of Nelson Mandela3251 Words   |  13 Pageslife of Nelson Mandela started July 18, 1918, being born to Nonqaphi Nosekeni and Nkosi Mphakanyiswa Gadla Mandela in the clan of Madiba in Mvezo, Transkei. Nelson was not Mandela’s first name because his first name was Rolihlahla (Nelson Mandela Foundation). Mandela’s life had many hardships but he conquered the hardships and became the first person of African descent to be president of South Africa. Mandela was elected president in 1994 and served until Thabo Mbeki took over in 1999 (Nelson Mandela)Read MoreA Role Model Leadership, Nelson Mandela7546 Words   |  31 PagesNELSON MANDELA I choose Nelson Mandela as my role model leader. I analyzed Mandela’s leadership style and found his eight leadership best practices which I think every leader must learn and put into practice to become a real leader. Many of them come directly from his personal experiences and all of them are calibrated to cause the best kind of trouble; the trouble that forces us to ask how we can make the world a better place. Nelson Mandela’ s 8 leadership best practices and explanation whyRead MoreLong Walk to Freedom by Nelson MandelaÂâ€" Book Review Essay1808 Words   |  8 PagesLong Walk to Freedom by Nelson MandelaÂâ€" Book Review Â…calm, patient determination to reclaim this country as your own, and now the joy that we can loudly proclaim from the rooftops--Free at last! Free at last! ... This is a time to heal the old wounds and build a new South Africa. Nelson Mandela fought his entire life. Nelson Mandela fought a fight for civil rights in South Africa on the streetsRead MoreMandela Long Walk to Freedom1816 Words   |  8 PagesLong Walk to Freedom by Nelson Mandela Ââ€" Book Review Â…calm, patient determination to reclaim this country as your own, and now the joy that we can loudly proclaim from the rooftops--Free at last! Free at last! ... This is a time to heal the old wounds and build a new South Africa. Nelson Mandela fought his entire life. Nelson Mandela fought a fight for civil rights in South Africa on the streets and behind the prison walls. Even after 27 years behind those walls Mandela maintained his dignity and

Ecology Water and Aquatic Habitats - 1816 Words

ECOLOGY Ecology is concerned with the study of organisms and their habitats. This includes the interdependence of various populations, their impact on each other and their surroundings, the effect of the surroundings on their behaviour, as well as the ways in which the organisms and the environment change in response to each other. A pond and its inhabitants provide a good example of these interrelationships. A pond contains: a. soil consisting of rock, minerals and dead remains of organisms b. water with minerals c. aquatic plants including algae d. aquatic animals like snails and tadpoles e. bacteria and other microorganisms such as protozoans All these components interact to produce a system called an ecosystem which is constantly†¦show more content†¦Aquatic animals prefer darker waters during the day and ascend to the surface when light intensity is reduced. Flowering of plants also depends on light. pH This determines the acidity or alkalinity of the water in aquatic habitats or the soil in terrestrial habitats. The pH tends to be neutral at a value of 7 and increases if alkaline contents are abundant. Organisms are affected by the pH of their environment. Fresh water mollusks tend to be deficient on waters with a pH less than 6. Wind Winds carry water currents and waves and also rain-bearing clouds. Wind also helps in the dispersal of fruits and seeds and causes pollination in some plants. The drying effect of strong air currents can cause a high rate of transpiration. The fauna and flora of mountains differ due to winds. The windward side of mountains has luscious vegetation while the leeward side is sparsely vegetated. Pressure Pressure varies from the depths of the ocean to the higher altitudes of atmosphere. Atmospheric pressure reduces when one ascends from sea level. Mountainous areas have lower atmospheric pressure than lowlands. AQUATIC ECOLOGICAL FACTORS Salinity is the concentration of dissolved salts in the surrounding environment. Aquatic organisms have to maintain osmotic balance between their body fluids and their aquatic habitats. The concentration of salts in the body of marine animals is close to that in surrounding water. They are therefore able toShow MoreRelatedAquatic Ecology : The Science Of Ecology1555 Words   |  7 PagesAquatic ecology is the science of ecology which concentrates on the study of aquatic ecosystems. This field can be broken out into two divisions: freshwater and marine ecology. Understanding aquatic ecosystems is critical since water is the building block to the survival of all life on earth. Aquatic ecology includes the study of aquatic environments including oceans, lakes, ponds, wetlands, rivers, and streams. Every organism needs energy to live, grow and reproduce. In aquatic ecology, biologistsRead MoreSouthwest Florida Water Management District884 Words   |  4 Pagespleased to submit this response to the Northwest Florida Water Management District s (District) Request for Proposal (RFP) No. 15-003, Contractual Services for Water Resources Evaluations. Pursuant with the RFP, Cardno has signed Section 6 Submittal Categories and Acknowledgement Form and we have attached that document immediately behind this introduction to our team and services. Cardno has assembled for you a team of experts in aquatic ecology, hydrologic modeling, data management and interpretationRead MoreThe Scope of Ecology2505 Words   |  11 Pages1. Define ecology. Identify the two features of organisms studied by ecologists. Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and the environment, which in turn determine both the distribution of organisms and their abundance. Ecologists study how interactions between organisms and the environment affect phenomena such as the number of species living in a particular area, cycling of nutrients in a habitat, and the growth of populations. 2. Describe the relationship betweenRead MoreThe Red Lake County Soil And Water Conservation District1487 Words   |  6 Pagespart of our environment. They help in water purification, flood protection, shoreline stabilization, groundwater recharge, streamflow maintenance, and provide a habitat for many fish and wildlife species. They are home to many aquatic plants and insects and are enjoyed by many people for recreational use. A wetland is defined as an area where water covers the land or is present at or near the surface for varying times during the year or all year long. Water saturation determines how the soil developsRead MoreWildlife Conservation and Biology Essay1571 Words   |  7 Pagesanimals with backbones and studies individual species of wildlife, their habitats, and surrounding ecosystems (Fitzgerald). It also studies how animals may interact with their ecosystem. Without wildlife biology we would not have extensive knowledge of other animal species, and how the y could be linked to humans. Wildlife conservation in the United States has been based on the Public Trust Doctrine where in wildlife and fishes, water, and scenic places were deemed too valuable for greater good to beRead MoreUnderstanding The Condition Of Basalt Quarry1451 Words   |  6 Pagesecological restoration process of basalt quarry 2.4.1.2 Introduction: Timba is located about 110km, south east of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. This area is famous for the quarry. Currently quarry has been stoped there, but it disturbed the natural ecology environment, which was present there before quarry. Because of quarry barren land and degraded land is left, which has no meaning. The soil condition also degraded there, which effect the growth of trees. 41 hectares is the total area of exhaustedRead MoreThe Habitat Of Southern Toads1349 Words   |  6 PagesAbby Buren, Sheridan Dillon-Robinson, Amber Hancock, Brett Shannon Identifying the preferred habitat of southern toads Introduction St. Andrews university is a 500 acre campus consisting of many aquatic habitats, ideal for amphibians such as frogs and toads. Amphibians are susceptible to changes in the environment and are indicators of environmental diversity and success as well as identifiers of pollutants in the environment (Marshall, 2013). We were interested in the prefered conditions for localRead MoreAbstract. Wetlands Are An Important Part Of Our Ecosystem.They1505 Words   |  7 Pagesinclude: Water purification, flood protection, erosion control, recharge of groundwater and provides a habitat for many different animals and plants. People also use the wetlands for recreational purposes, such as for fishing, hunting and canoeing. A wetland is an area of land that is covered with water either all year or most of the year. The soil saturation really determines if it is a wetland. Farmers can benefit from keeping wetlands around by not having their fields flood and having water to irrigateRead MoreAquat ic Adaptations : Aquatic Insect Habitat And Adaptations2588 Words   |  11 PagesName: Pinkal Mishra Student # 0512518 Course: Biology of insects Essay 10 % Instructor: David Beresford Aquatic insects habitat and adaptations Aquatic insect habitat and adaptations: Various types of adaptations are observed among insect species that make them unique and distinct from one another. Adaptation of insects are observed in almost all habitat except deep volcanoes. Firstly, let’s consider what adaptation does actually mean. â€Å"Adaptation is defined as feature thatRead MoreUnderwater Invader : A Small Group Of Aquatic Plants That Have Invaded Several Different Countries Essay1255 Words   |  6 PagesUnderwater Invader: Cabomba caroliniana According to the Department of Ecology for the state of Washington, the Cabomba genus is a small group of aquatic plants that have invaded several different countries. â€Å"The genus Cabomba is in the family Cabombaceae in the major group Angiosperms† (The Plant List, 2013). There are five species of Cabomba: aquatic, furcate, haynesii, palaeformis, and caroliniana (The Plant List, 2013). The most local to our community being the Cabomba caroliniana. This plant

Analysis The Rodney King Incident Essay - 935 Words

The Rodney King incident was presented as a case study of how failure to institutionalize some of the contextual themes concepts can result in malfeasance. Research incidents of other criminal justice malfeasance and, by using the five contextual themes as a guide, identify administrative concepts that could have prevented these situations. Racial profiling in law enforcement is the criminal justice malfeasance I chose it is safe, it is a hotbed topic and in law enforcement we are walking down a very slippery slope in discussing it. As a law enforcement officer is it safe to say the preponderance of the officers are committed to protecting and severing others and for the most part are very noble and very ethical people. Many times I have read or saw stories about officers that feel like they are doing the public an extraordinary job in the area of drug interdiction, many are accused of profiling. There are officers from all across the nation that will make arguments that it is a good practice both ethically as well as morally, and they will have results to show for the stops as well as arrests. I will be in disagreement with that opinion, I feel like when you use tactics that cause a decrease in the public confidence, in which profiling does, it causes many complaints of racial profiling and has even turned good offi cers into bad ones, then it becomes not moral nor ethical. What affects one law enforcement agency affects all law enforcement agencies across this greatShow MoreRelatedPolice Report On The Los Angeles Police Department1584 Words   |  7 Pagesacross the country. This is not only considered an extremely controversial incident, but also a contradicting case. Is it a coincidence, or has the justice system failed to charge and imprison police officers who use excessive force on black members of society? By analyzing the incidents leading up to this event, the actual evidence presented in the trial, and the police reports and conversations post beating of Rodney King, it will be clear whether or not justice was served and how the results ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Anna D Smith s Twilight 1563 Words   |  7 Pagesrapidly growing number of brown people both men and women, in prison. And this is terrible.†(Johnson, 2012) But the actual causing factor occurred one day at evening time Rodney King was driving his car roughly on the Foothill Freeway. At that moment; two police officers stopped him accusing him for driving the car at high speed. King was feeling very scared because he was drunk during the driving and he was just released outside on the parole basis from his conviction. After that, he was brutally beatenRead MorePolice Brutality And The Police1281 Words   |  6 Pagesback to 1991; although I am sure there are cases long before this. One thing I have noticed is how the public responds to police brutality incidents. As we have seen in Ferguson, people of the city are rioting to try to get their points across. Not much has changed. People back in the day did the same exact things, or maybe even worse. The Rodney King incident of 1991 in Los Angeles, which I will go into more depth later in the essay, sparked outrageous riots. Over a period of five days in the springRead MoreProfessional R acism and Discrimination1117 Words   |  5 Pagesrecognized event of the LAPD using racial profiling is the Rodney King incident. Four White LAPD officers severely beat and arrest Rodney King for a DUI in 1991 (Mullen 1). Although King was under the influence the officers had no right to excessively beat King. This incident caused uproar in the African-American community who retaliated with riots. Racial profiling can easily lead to racially motivated violence among the people. It’s because Rodney King was African-American that the police officers brutallyRead MoreEssay about Persepolis1136 Words   |  5 PagesToward the end of the novel, Marjane says about people’s fear of the Islamic Commission, â€Å"It’s only natural! When we’re afraid, we lose all sense of analysis and reflection. Our fear paralyzes us. Besides fear has always been the driving force behind all dictators’ repression.† How do Marjane and her compatriots deal with fear and their daily lives? To what extent do you see fear as a controlling factor in your own country’s public life? The new Islamic republic regime was beginning to spread inRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States1479 Words   |  6 Pageson what needs to be done about the police brutality across the nation, and if the issue can be stopped. The paper examines court cases involving police brutality including the media buzzed case of Rodney King. The case is further examined and includes the community’s reaction to the beating of Rodney King. Another case is covering Frank Jude Jr. severely beaten by police officers at an off duty police officer’s party. What is police brutality? Police brutality states that it is the use ofRead MoreThe Law Enforcement Reform Throughout The Past 25 Years2341 Words   |  10 Pagesas the need for better intercultural relations, the most notorious incident in the past 25 years surrounded a traffic stop in 1991 in Los Angeles, California. A bystander videotaped an African American male, Rodney King, being struck with police batons and being kicked by four members of the Los Angeles Police Department (Walker, 2007). The four officers were charged criminally following an investigation surrounding the incident. All four officers were acquitted in their first trial. Following thatRead MoreRace Based Hostility And Bias1042 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican Americans who have been racially profiled and murdered by law enforcement. Allegations of excessive force by police departments across the country continue to populate headlines more than twenty years after the 1992 Rodney King incident (The Painful Legacy of Rodney King). Some might say African Americans, especially young males, are â€Å"thugs† who are just begging for trouble when they don’t comply with law enforcement, but I would argue that police receive a great deal of intense training, andRead MoreFuck Tha Police: an Analysis of the Role of Hip-Hop in the Los Angeles Riots of 19921891 Words   |  8 Pagesespecially with minority suspects. This excessive use of force on minorities was demonstrated on March 3rd, 1991, when Rodney King, an African-American construction worker, was brutally assaulted by a group police officers using billy clubs. The beating became front-page national news, due to on-looker George Holliday, who recorded the incident on camera, and sent the videotape, which showed King getting stuck by a baton 56 times to a local news station. Four of the officers involved in the beating wereRead MorePolice Brutality : How The Media Influences Our Perceptions1422 Words   |  6 Pagesethnicities may cause frustration, consequently, causing law enforcement officers to use unnecessary excessive force, more frequently. On March 3, 1991, a spectator filmed Rodney King, an African American resident of Los Angeles, being beaten by four Caucasian officers of the Los Angeles Police Department, who used a stun gun on King and continually kicked him and struck him with batons. For weeks afterward, the assault obtained capacity coverage appearing in the news media; according to the Vanderbilt

Imagery in Dulce Et Decorum Est free essay sample

The rich imagery in ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’, is a major reason why the poem is so powerful. In the first line, Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, readers can see the weariness of the soldiers, trudging tiredly on the war ground. Also, by comparing them to beggars, the soldiers were probably very dirty after fighting for so long. Think of a soldier staying in a battlefield, their uniforms, their faces will most likely be covered with dust, grime, or even blood. In the second line of the poem, it says that the soldiers were â€Å"coughing like hags†. To understand this line, we first have to understand the meaning of a hag. A hag, in ancient folklore, is something like a witch and has a rather awful scratchy voice. To cough like a hag in this case, shows that the soldiers are coughing heavily. In other words, it’s probably the result of a soldier staying in an unhealthy, probably dusty environment for too long that their health starts to deteriorate. We will write a custom essay sample on Imagery in Dulce Et Decorum Est or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For the first two lines of this poem, it gives readers an image that the soldiers are old and perhaps have been fighting for many years. It is ironic, because those who went to war, like Owen himself are young and healthy, but during the course of war, they aged. It also contrasts with the pictures of handsome, upright soldiers so much used in propagandas. In the twelfth line, after being attacked by the gas bomb, the persona sees another soldier â€Å"flound’ring like a man in fire or lime†. The gas bomb being used is mustard gas. This is a substance used in chemical warfare. It reacts with water in the lungs to form a corrosive chemical which destroys the lungs. The man who flounders is too late in putting on his mask. Owen describes the symptoms shown by this man as the poison slowly kills him later in stanza four. Death caused by a gas bomb is painful, as we can see from line 12, the soldier is suffering as if he’s being burnt by fire or lime (a white chalky substance which can burn live tissue) as he inhales the gas. In lines 13-14. â€Å"Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light / As under a green sea. I saw him drowning. † This is yet another simile: The thick greenish glass of the gas mask, and the greenish fumes of the gas make the narrator feel that he is viewing an underwater scene. An interesting point about the imagery used throughout the poem is that they can be separated into four different groups: the first group gives readers images of tiredness, sleep, dreams, and a nightmarish world, by using phrases like â€Å"Men marched asleep†,† Drunk with fatigue†, â€Å"In all my dreams†, â€Å"If in some smothering dreams†. The second group is the idea of the sea and drowning through phrases like â€Å"Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light / As under a green sea, I saw him drowning. â€Å"He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. †, â€Å"gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs†. The third group shows loss of coordination, with phrases such as â€Å"Bent double†, â€Å"Knock kneed†, â€Å"Drunk with fatigue†, â€Å"fumbling†, â€Å"clumsy†, â€Å"stumbling†, â€Å"flound’ring†, and â€Å"writhing†. The last group depicts the loss of the ability to use the senses, with phrases like â€Å"turned our backs†, â€Å"marched asleep†, â€Å"all blind†, â€Å"and deaf even to the hoots †,†my helpless sight†.

Primark free essay sample

Our research purpose Primark, which was build up in Ireland, is one of the fast fashion leaders in the UK retail market. The all 181 stores spread over Ireland, Spain, and the UK. The competitive advantage of the group is producing volume clothes and selling them in cheap price. Primark sell different catalogue product, women clothing, men clothing, shoes, accessories, baby clothing, children clothing, underwear, swimwear and nightwear. Nearly cover all variety of the clothing. According to Primark website figure, â€Å"Primark Stores Lt is a subsidiary of Associated British Foods. Associated British Foods is a diversified international food, ingredients and retail group with global sales of ? 6. 8bn, and 85,000 employees in 43 countries. In the financial year 2006/7, 32 new stores were opened and five smaller stores were closed to give 4. 8 million sq ft of retail selling space. Highlights during the year included the opening of London’s Oxford Street store in April. This was extremely successful, selling one million items in its first ten days of trading, and attracting considerable media coverage. We will write a custom essay sample on Primark or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page †? From the figure, it shows Primark develops extremely fast and successfully. Particularly, Primark Oxford Street Store success means British consumers accept Primark in some way. This is a good sign for Primark to explore the UK market. What fascinates us about Primark is they use both competitive price and up-dated clothes to attract target consumers. In order to find out what does consumers opinions on Primark, our group was divided into two groups. The first group’s task is doing the consumers observation in London’s Oxford street store. Meanwhile, another group is doing the consumer’s observation in slough store. Both groups ask 70 consumers to do the questionnaire, which we will mention below and why they chose Primark rather than other retails. We also ask the local store mangers about more information of Primark. After our observation, we find that Primark’s consumers group is mostly young people, who are age from 23 to 35. In the following report, we will analyze the positive and negative view of consumers and conclude the recommendation. 1). the positive view of customers a. PRICE Firstly we can see as a discount retailer, Primark is successful because it offers customers with super-competitive prices. According to our research, 80% customers choose Primark as their favorite because of their cheap price. After a brief search online, the cheapest garments are about 9 RMB, which equals just about 1 pound. What the main reason of such amazing price? Generally, it could be concluded to three aspects. a) Low overhead and operation cost. Primark always process bulk production and volume buying, which makes overhead cost low and keeps costs down. There are two distribution centers – a 650, 000 sq. ft. unit at Magna Park in Leicestershire, and a 200, 000 sq. t unit at Naas. These huge centers are a guarantee to its efficient distribution, which lower its operation cost. There are 400 suppliers, most of which are in Asia such as India and China, where the labor cost are much lower than that in the developed countries. According to the secret investigation of Panorama, a program of BBC, it reveals that children were paid as low as 54 pence a day for embroidery and sequin work. No matter who should be responsible for this children labor issue, the cost in its work force really play a key role in the low price. ) Design is simple and low design cost. As we know, design can create an emotive bond between brand and customer, allowing a retailer to elevate its product into a special experience. Primark makes its clothes in the most popular sizes. Sometimes, Primark copies its rivals’ clothes, such as Monsoon. There are a lot of similar clothing between Primark and its rivals. Imitation of popular prints, motifs and original designs in the market makes P rimark enjoy the profit created by other companies. In addition, compare with its rival, its design cost seems to be very low. Most of Primark’s products are simple, not luxury but fashion, which attracts its customers very much. According to our questionnaire, % think that design is very important. c). Few promotion, low advertising cost Primark never do promotion, according to one manager of Primark in London. Regular business is what Primark concerns. In other words, they could pay more attention to the regular business. Cost caused by promotion could be saved. In addition, there are fewer advertisements about Primark which should be a big part of their marketing cost. We could never see brochure in Primark. No billboard of Primark in the street. No advertisement on the internet. But we could see Primark bags in people’s hand along the street. Nevertheless, Primark saves a lot of money in this aspect. ?PLACElocation Secondly we found out Primark makes a good choice about location. Almost each branch store locates in the high street. From the diagram which we have researched, it could be concluded that location is also one of the most important factors which motivate customers to purchase and make Primark successful. ercent of customers would like to consider the location of garment stores when they go shopping. Convenience and easiness are the expectations during each time customer’s purchase. Few customers are willing to spend extra time going to a remote place merely for the purpose of buying clothes. Furthermore, Primark is sensible; it hardly locate the branch stores in the city or town which most customers have a high disposable income, such as Windsor and Grilfield. This group of people seldom purchase low price clothes, which would influence the sale of Primark. Primark has wide distribution net. It operates around 181 stores in Ireland, Spain and the UK†.? As we can see from Appendix B, the distribution of Primark in the UK and Ireland is quite dense. Primark is planning to develop the European market in 2009.? The European clothing market has a huge potential for Primark to expand and achieve maximum profit. Distribution Primark is a direct marketing retailer, which does not use any intermediary media. Therefore, it can reduce the cost. Simultaneously, customers can get the latest clothes quickly. Primark has two distribution centers,? which distribute all the products to each brand store. The distribution channel is crucial for Primark; it links both internal performance and external environment. â€Å"Multiple locations do cause more awareness but that is only the first step in a consumer’s decision-making process. † Hartnett, M. , 2006, p4 ?Product Finally, Primark has been value fashion brand, which exists in a mainstream clothing market. With cheap products, it has been recognized as top priority by young consumers. According to Hilton, most value fashion retailer, such as George, attract more family shoppers whereas Primark aims at the youth. The family shoppers might spend more money on household goods whereas the youth is likely never to consider these things. Therefore, its primary product orientation is to attract youth female who seek fashion as a fad. Primark takes into account in the purchase of a garment cheap value products are like a throwaway fashion during a short period in a competitive economic market. With this strong perception, as a result, Primark designs a wide range of key products as its prime, making inroads into the youth appeal market, ranging from women’s clothing such as underwear, pajamas, coats, handbags, shoes to men’s t-shirts, coats. Furthermore, Primark has become good at imitating other high street brand designer’s masterpieces, which are popular off the catwalk fashion. Analyzing from the pictures above, we can visibly see the style is nearly similar. On the other hand, in order to pursue a fresh fashion, Primark updates its products rapidly, even once a week. This action makes Primark maintain an underlying advantage, compared with other rivals, such as New Look, Peacock in a fashion scope. The factor playing a crucial role in the whole process to ensure the speed of update is the supplier of products. As a matter of fact, Primark has its own factories in developing countries, such as China, India. This integrative management not only ensures essential low price but also eliminate supply chain’s approach to accelerate frequent seasonal update. It has a strict pattern of conduct to ensure good quality and efficiency in vogue. 2). the negative view of customers ?Physical evidence: environment, facilities, etc. With the furies competition in the marketing place, physical evidence plays an increasingly important role in marketing, especially to companies as Primark, such a fashionable clothing company. According to the prior survey, __% of people take physical evidence into account when make purchase decisions. Physical evidence means the material part of services which consumers can see and touch? In environmental psychology terms tangible objects can make deeper impressions on consumers and, directly influence their evaluation on the products as well as the brands. A well-arranged physical environment can help to promote consumers’ decision making. However, combined with the survey and team members’ practical visit to Primark, it doesn’t do quite well in physical evidence in most of its stores. Following are the main deficiencies in the stores of Primark. 1. The uncomfortable background factor: the high temperature and the poor ventilation. Since Primark stores are always full of customers in peak hours, the higher temperature and the poor ventilation system may make customers feel uncomfortable and even dizzy, thus decreasing purchasing actions in certain degree. 2. The simple designing factor: lack of attractive signals. Although simple can be a kind of style, to Primark, a brand emphasizing on fashionable clothes, it does need some fashionable decorations to support its product value. The inside decoration of its stores is quite similar to that of the supermarkets. It is incredible that a customer can not find even one well-designed decoration or signal in the store! 3. The shortage of functional factor: crowded layouts and insufficient fitting rooms. When doing shopping in Primark, the most sentences one hears are: excuse me†. In some places, the space between shelves is too narrow to pass two people simultaneously. What’s more, there is always a long queue in front of the fitting room. After interviewing some customers, they complained that it always took them more than 20 minutes to wait! 4. The lack of staff. According to the manager of Reading’s branch, the shortage of the staff is one of the biggest problems now. Take this branch as an example, the total number of staff is – among which only – sales staff. The lack of staff brings many problems. For instance, the staff usually can’t finish shelves timely during the peak hours. And it is also very difficult for customers to find a staff for information. If Primark wants to further increase its sales volume, they had better consider improving its physical evidence in stores. It can not only stimulate consumption but also add value of the products. Fair trade Primark is considered the No. 1 least ethical company by consumers this year, according to a recent survey conducted by populous for the Times (Retail Week, 2008). Although Primark intends to stress its credential as a good social company, what it does obviously contradicting what it alleges. Earlier on the 23ed June of this year, a BBC P anoramo program in UK exposed that Primark hires children as its labor in India’s sweatshops (BBC, 2008). In response to this accusation, Primark terminated its contracts with those three manufacturers in India. However, is this action the end or just the beginning? With the growing number of â€Å"green† consumers and the new structure of the economy, retailers such as Primark are obliged to plunge into Corporate Social Responsibility. Fail to do it may finally make a negative impact on the company’s profit. Look back to the prior survey; it can be found out that Primark has a low brand value. Most consumers choose Primark only because of its cheap price and convenient location. Since the price of Primark is already on the bottom, what can be done if Primark wants to further increase its profit? The answer is quite clear, in order to maintain a long term growth in its profit, Primark should turn itself into a good social corporate. ?Customer relationship According to an interviewed customer said, â€Å"Although the price for a T-shirt can be one pound, the customer services can be zero. † (Interviewee 1), some customers do feel it is an unpleasant experience of shopping in Primark. The number of stuff in Primark store is quite low, as the store manager of Primark in Slough pointed out, they do lack of employees, and sometimes stuff seems to have to work too much, even customers still complain about no response sometimes. Slough manager) However, there is certain group of customer think that they do not care about the service because the unbelievable price; and they prefer to do shopping freely without shop assistant interfering in. ?Process: long queue During busy time, every afternoon, especially on weekends, there is usually a quite long queue in front of its cashie r. For example, there is only one â€Å"Please pay here† with seven cashiers for a two-floors-store in the Primark of Luton. People have to wait more than 20minites to pay. Some people decide to give up shopping when see that long queue. 2. ecommendation : Based on our research, more cashier, more fitting room, more employees to develop customer response, increase the loyalty of customer by membership card or point card. Retail businesses not just look at the quality and price of goods. It must be including the good service. That is the weakness of the Primark Today the Primark still just put all the products in the store, and customers need to try by themselves and pick what they want from mass of goods into shopping baskets. Firstly, most of the day, products are put in mess order or maybe on the floor after tried. When the customer like the style and want to choose the right size, they may not be able to find out. So there should hire more staff to clean up the mass of good by a period time. Secondly, fitting room of Primark is not enough for those customers. Sometime it is difficult to fit the clothes due to the long queue for the fitting rooms, then that many customers decide to buy clothes without trying, without waiting which brings customers a disaster of feel unsatisfied about what they bought, or increase the return rate (see photo 1). I think that must build up a several fitting room for the customer and limited the number of cloth when the customers want to try. That could be reducing the time and increasing the space for others. Thirdly, the mirrors in Primark stores are not enough. For those goods what can be tried without fitting room, customers have to take them to mirrors which far from where they picked from and do not want to take them back, so the products will be messed up more. For this can be easily to solve, hung some more mirror. That is low cost and also convenient customer and staff. However those just an unremarkable point, If it can improve these. It will look tidier and the frequency of the customer come will increase. 3. Conclusion Primark is in a growing market, attract customer by low price and convenience. It needs to do more to satisfy customers. From the prior paragraph we can see the reason of Primark have achieved the success today. It has the low price and variety style to attract the customer and has the good location to convenient them for shopping. That would be the most two selling point of the Primark. But in now a day’s market just have low price is not enough to compete with others. On the other hand the low price means they have low cost on the supply chain. Good location on a high street means high fixed cost on the estate rent. Obviously fix cost is fixed. When the price doe not getting high and want to increase the net profit that we should look at the amount of customer. To reach this point just using the same offer is difficult to attract new customer and keep the same number of old one. To satisfy them, tell them we not just have low price we also have the high quality of service. Primark free essay sample Our research purpose Primark, which was build up in Ireland, is one of the fast fashion leaders in the UK retail market. The all 181 stores spread over Ireland, Spain, and the UK. The competitive advantage of the group is producing volume clothes and selling them in cheap price. Primark sell different catalogue product, women clothing, men clothing, shoes, accessories, baby clothing, children clothing, underwear, swimwear and nightwear. Nearly cover all variety of the clothing. According to Primark website figure, â€Å"Primark Stores Lt is a subsidiary of Associated British Foods. Associated British Foods is a diversified international food, ingredients and retail group with global sales of ? 6. 8bn, and 85,000 employees in 43 countries. In the financial year 2006/7, 32 new stores were opened and five smaller stores were closed to give 4. 8 million sq ft of retail selling space. Highlights during the year included the opening of London’s Oxford Street store in April. This was extremely successful, selling one million items in its first ten days of trading, and attracting considerable media coverage. We will write a custom essay sample on Primark or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page †? From the figure, it shows Primark develops extremely fast and successfully. Particularly, Primark Oxford Street Store success means British consumers accept Primark in some way. This is a good sign for Primark to explore the UK market. What fascinates us about Primark is they use both competitive price and up-dated clothes to attract target consumers. In order to find out what does consumers opinions on Primark, our group was divided into two groups. The first group’s task is doing the consumers observation in London’s Oxford street store. Meanwhile, another group is doing the consumer’s observation in slough store. Both groups ask 70 consumers to do the questionnaire, which we will mention below and why they chose Primark rather than other retails. We also ask the local store mangers about more information of Primark. After our observation, we find that Primark’s consumers group is mostly young people, who are age from 23 to 35. In the following report, we will analyze the positive and negative view of consumers and conclude the recommendation. 1). the positive view of customers a. PRICE Firstly we can see as a discount retailer, Primark is successful because it offers customers with super-competitive prices. According to our research, 80% customers choose Primark as their favorite because of their cheap price. After a brief search online, the cheapest garments are about 9 RMB, which equals just about 1 pound. What the main reason of such amazing price? Generally, it could be concluded to three aspects. a) Low overhead and operation cost. Primark always process bulk production and volume buying, which makes overhead cost low and keeps costs down. There are two distribution centers – a 650, 000 sq. ft. unit at Magna Park in Leicestershire, and a 200, 000 sq. t unit at Naas. These huge centers are a guarantee to its efficient distribution, which lower its operation cost. There are 400 suppliers, most of which are in Asia such as India and China, where the labor cost are much lower than that in the developed countries. According to the secret investigation of Panorama, a program of BBC, it reveals that children were paid as low as 54 pence a day for embroidery and sequin work. No matter who should be responsible for this children labor issue, the cost in its work force really play a key role in the low price. ) Design is simple and low design cost. As we know, design can create an emotive bond between brand and customer, allowing a retailer to elevate its product into a special experience. Primark makes its clothes in the most popular sizes. Sometimes, Primark copies its rivals’ clothes, such as Monsoon. There are a lot of similar clothing between Primark and its rivals. Imitation of popular prints, motifs and original designs in the market makes Primark enjoy the profit created by other companies. In addition, compare with its rival, its design cost seems to be very low. Most of Primark’s products are simple, not luxury but fashion, which attracts its customers very much. According to our questionnaire, % think that design is very important. c). Few promotion, low advertising cost Primark never do promotion, according to one manager of Primark in London. Regular business is what Primark concerns. In other words, they could pay more attention to the regular business. Cost caused by promotion could be saved. In addition, there are fewer advertisements about Primark which should be a big part of their marketing cost. We could never see brochure in Primark. No billboard of Primark in the street. No advertisement on the internet. But we could see Primark bags in people’s hand along the street. Nevertheless, Primark saves a lot of money in this aspect. ?PLACElocation Secondly we found out Primark makes a good choice about location. Almost each branch store locates in the high street. From the diagram which we have researched, it could be concluded that location is also one of the most important factors which motivate customers to purchase and make Primark successful. ercent of customers would like to consider the location of garment stores when they go shopping. Convenience and easiness are the expectations during each time customer’s purchase. Few customers are willing to spend extra time going to a remote place merely for the purpose of buying clothes. Furthermore, Primark is sensible; it hardly locate the branch stores in the city or town which most customers have a high disposable income, such as Windsor and Grilfield. This group of people seldom purchase low price clothes, which would influence the sale of Primark. Primark has wide distribution net. It operates around 181 stores in Ireland, Spain and the UK†.? As we can see from Appendix B, the distribution of Primark in the UK and Ireland is quite dense. Primark is planning to develop the European market in 2009.? The European clothing market has a huge potential for Primark to expand and achieve maximum profit. Distribution Primark is a direct marketing retailer, which does not use any intermediary media. Therefore, it can reduce the cost. Simultaneously, customers can get the latest clothes quickly. Primark has two distribution centers,? which distribute all the products to each brand store. The distribution channel is crucial for Primark; it links both internal performance and external environment. â€Å"Multiple locations do cause more awareness but that is only the first step in a consumer’s decision-making process. † Hartnett, M. , 2006, p4 ?Product Finally, Primark has been value fashion brand, which exists in a mainstream clothing market. With cheap products, it has been recognized as top priority by young consumers. According to Hilton, most value fashion retailer, such as George, attract more family shoppers whereas Primark aims at the youth. The family shoppers might spend more money on household goods whereas the youth is likely never to consider these things. Therefore, its primary product orientation is to attract youth female who seek fashion as a fad. Primark takes into account in the purchase of a garment cheap value products are like a throwaway fashion during a short period in a competitive economic market. With this strong perception, as a result, Primark designs a wide range of key products as its prime, making inroads into the youth appeal market, ranging from women’s clothing such as underwear, pajamas, coats, handbags, shoes to men’s t-shirts, coats. Furthermore, Primark has become good at imitating other high street brand designer’s masterpieces, which are popular off the catwalk fashion. Analyzing from the pictures above, we can visibly see the style is nearly similar. On the other hand, in order to pursue a fresh fashion, Primark updates its products rapidly, even once a week. This action makes Primark maintain an underlying advantage, compared with other rivals, such as New Look, Peacock in a fashion scope. The factor playing a crucial role in the whole process to ensure the speed of update is the supplier of products. As a matter of fact, Primark has its own factories in developing countries, such as China, India. This integrative management not only ensures essential low price but also eliminate supply chain’s approach to accelerate frequent seasonal update. It has a strict pattern of conduct to ensure good quality and efficiency in vogue. 2). the negative view of customers ?Physical evidence: environment, facilities, etc. With the furies competition in the marketing place, physical evidence plays an increasingly important role in marketing, especially to companies as Primark, such a fashionable clothing company. According to the prior survey, __% of people take physical evidence into account when make purchase decisions. Physical evidence means the material part of services which consumers can see and touch? In environmental psychology terms tangible objects can make deeper impressions on consumers and, directly influence their evaluation on the products as well as the brands. A well-arranged physical environment can help to promote consumers’ decision making. However, combined with the survey and team members’ practical visit to Primark, it doesn’t do quite well in physical evidence in most of its stores. Following are the main deficiencies in the stores of Primark. 1. The uncomfortable background factor: the high temperature and the poor ventilation. Since Primark stores are always full of customers in peak hours, the higher temperature and the poor ventilation system may make customers feel uncomfortable and even dizzy, thus decreasing purchasing actions in certain degree. 2. The simple designing factor: lack of attractive signals. Although simple can be a kind of style, to Primark, a brand emphasizing on fashionable clothes, it does need some fashionable decorations to support its product value. The inside decoration of its stores is quite similar to that of the supermarkets. It is incredible that a customer can not find even one well-designed decoration or signal in the store! 3. The shortage of functional factor: crowded layouts and insufficient fitting rooms. When doing shopping in Primark, the most sentences one hears are: excuse me†. In some places, the space between shelves is too narrow to pass two people simultaneously. What’s more, there is always a long queue in front of the fitting room. After interviewing some customers, they complained that it always took them more than 20 minutes to wait! 4. The lack of staff. According to the manager of Reading’s branch, the shortage of the staff is one of the biggest problems now. Take this branch as an example, the total number of staff is – among which only – sales staff. The lack of staff brings many problems. For instance, the staff usually can’t finish shelves timely during the peak hours. And it is also very difficult for customers to find a staff for information. If Primark wants to further increase its sales volume, they had better consider improving its physical evidence in stores. It can not only stimulate consumption but also add value of the products. Fair trade Primark is considered the No. 1 least ethical company by consumers this year, according to a recent survey conducted by populous for the Times (Retail Week, 2008). Although Primark intends to stress its credential as a good social company, what it does obviously contradicting what it alleges. Earlier on the 23ed June of this year, a BBC P anoramo program in UK exposed that Primark hires children as its labor in India’s sweatshops (BBC, 2008). In response to this accusation, Primark terminated its contracts with those three manufacturers in India. However, is this action the end or just the beginning? With the growing number of â€Å"green† consumers and the new structure of the economy, retailers such as Primark are obliged to plunge into Corporate Social Responsibility. Fail to do it may finally make a negative impact on the company’s profit. Look back to the prior survey; it can be found out that Primark has a low brand value. Most consumers choose Primark only because of its cheap price and convenient location. Since the price of Primark is already on the bottom, what can be done if Primark wants to further increase its profit? The answer is quite clear, in order to maintain a long term growth in its profit, Primark should turn itself into a good social corporate. ?Customer relationship According to an interviewed customer said, â€Å"Although the price for a T-shirt can be one pound, the customer services can be zero. † (Interviewee 1), some customers do feel it is an unpleasant experience of shopping in Primark. The number of stuff in Primark store is quite low, as the store manager of Primark in Slough pointed out, they do lack of employees, and sometimes stuff seems to have to work too much, even customers still complain about no response sometimes. Slough manager) However, there is certain group of customer think that they do not care about the service because the unbelievable price; and they prefer to do shopping freely without shop assistant interfering in. Process: long queue During busy time, every afternoon, especially on weekends, there is usually a quite long queue in front of its cashier. For example, there is only one â€Å"Please pay here† with seven cashiers for a two-floors-store in the Primark of Luton. People have to wait more than 20minites to pay. Some people decide to give up shopping when see that long queue. 2. ecommendation : Based on our research, more cashier, more fitting room, more employees to develop customer response, increase the loyalty of customer by membership card or point card. Retail businesses not just look at the quality and price of goods. It must be including the good service. That is the weakness of the Primark Today the Primark still just put all the products in the store, and customers need to try by themselves and pick what they want from mass of goods into shopping baskets. Firstly, most of the day, products are put in mess order or maybe on the floor after tried. When the customer like the style and want to choose the right size, they may not be able to find out. So there should hire more staff to clean up the mass of good by a period time. Secondly, fitting room of Primark is not enough for those customers. Sometime it is difficult to fit the clothes due to the long queue for the fitting rooms, then that many customers decide to buy clothes without trying, without waiting which brings customers a disaster of feel unsatisfied about what they bought, or increase the return rate (see photo 1). I think that must build up a several fitting room for the customer and limited the number of cloth when the customers want to try. That could be reducing the time and increasing the space for others. Thirdly, the mirrors in Primark stores are not enough. For those goods what can be tried without fitting room, customers have to take them to mirrors which far from where they picked from and do not want to take them back, so the products will be messed up more. For this can be easily to solve, hung some more mirror. That is low cost and also convenient customer and staff. However those just an unremarkable point, If it can improve these. It will look tidier and the frequency of the customer come will increase. 3. Conclusion Primark is in a growing market, attract customer by low price and convenience. It needs to do more to satisfy customers. From the prior paragraph we can see the reason of Primark have achieved the success today. It has the low price and variety style to attract the customer and has the good location to convenient them for shopping. That would be the most two selling point of the Primark. But in now a day’s market just have low price is not enough to compete with others. On the other hand the low price means they have low cost on the supply chain. Good location on a high street means high fixed cost on the estate rent. Obviously fix cost is fixed. When the price doe not getting high and want to increase the net profit that we should look at the amount of customer. To reach this point just using the same offer is difficult to attract new customer and keep the same number of old one. To satisfy them, tell them we not just have low price we also have the high quality of service. Primark free essay sample The concept behind the retail promoting is confirmed that an organization makes items a client needs or demand. Utilizing different ways to deal with consumer behavior, advertisers and also imaginative approaches to pull in customers to an item. This writer suggested the worker fulfillment to be an important determinant of benefit quality and consumer loyalty. In light of an experimental and a conceptual explore survey. Distinguish five key IM components: worker inspiration, whats more, fulfillment, client introduction, and fulfillment, between practical administrations based approach towards an associations workers and an execution of a corporate system. (Ahmed, 2002)In 1969 the Primark effective business show, that the first Primark t store was opened in Dublin, Ireland. Primark was originated and directed by the name of Mr. Arthur Ryan. Moreover, Primark was extended to nation crosswise over Europe and America. In April 2016 the latest store was opened in Italy. The Primark has 60,000 staff individuals and have 700,000 utilized by their suppliers which is huge target to Primark. We will write a custom essay sample on Primark or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Primark has an online nearness, which comprises of their own website and additionally an expensive web-based social networking electronic person to person communication nearness, including Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter and Instagram account. Clients are likewise allowed to transfer their photographs on Primania page of the site, wearing Primark articles of clothing with an uncommon true objective to share their looks.

Atypical Pneumonia essays

Atypical Pneumonia essays Atypical pneumonia, also known as walking pneumonia, is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Mycoplasm pneumomiae is the responsible organism which results in pneumonia in only 3% of cases; 20% of infections are asymptomatic, while 77% involve the upper respiratory tract. Although atypical pneumonia can occur at any time of the year, outbreaks tend to occur in the fall. The incubation period averages 3 weeks, in contrast to that of influenza and other viral pneumonias, which generally are a few days. Epidemics of mycoplasmal pneumonia tend to occur every 4-8 years in the general population and tend to be more frequent within closed populations, such as in military and prison populations. Mycoplasmal pneumonia is a disease of insidious onset. The patients history may include fever and chills, malaise, worsening dry cough, headache, scratchy sore throat, sore chest and tracheal tenderness and pleuritic chest pain, which is usually rare. Most cases of pneumonia due to M pneumoniae resolve after several weeks, although a dry cough can be present for as long as a month; some patients can have a protracted illness lasting as long as 6 weeks. The physical exam will reveal a nontoxic general appearance, erythematous tympanic membranes or bullous myringitis, mild pharyngeal erythema with minimal or no cervical adenopathy and no exudates. Usually there is a normal chest and lung exam with early infection but rhonchi, rales, and/or wheezes are heard via auscultation several days later. Generally lab studies are not needed but can be obtained. Complete blood counts tend to be within normal limits or slightly elevated. Sedimentation rate can be elevated with prolong infections. Chest radiographs should be obtained for definitive diagnosis, however at times there are no findings on x-ray and the clinician should treat presumptively. Macrolide antibiotics such as Erythromycin or Azithromycin are the drug treatment of choice due ...

Phase 4 Discussion Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Phase 4 Discussion Board - Essay Example Also, the beverage industry is one in which brand loyalty is an important factor. For example, many people are hard core loyals to brands such as Coke or Pepsi, and it would take time to steal market share away from these established brands. As more and more time lapses after the launch, more people would become aware of the product and more trial would be generated. Optimistically speaking, if consumers like the new product, there would be more repeat purchase as time goes by. Satisfied consumers market the new product even more through the word of mouth as they encourage their friends and family to try it out. Hence, as more time goes by, more and more sales can be generated. Generally, for new products, the initial hype created by promotion campaigns is what leads to trial purchase. Even after the launch, the level of advertisement and other promotional activities has a considerable effect on the sales level. Advertisements can be in the print or electronic media. Other promotional activities can include Below The Line (BTL) activities such as free trial purchases offered to consumers, or free gifts with every purchase of the new product. For a new product, there has to be large scale advertisement and promotional activity to create awareness about the brand, and to steal the market share away from already established brands. It has already been mentioned that the beverage industry is usually dominated by a few players which have a strong, brand loyal customer base. A unique brand image needs to be created to appeal to the target audience, so that those loyal to other brands will be attracted towards the new one. This unique brand image can only be done through effective advertisement and promotional campaigns. If we were to take the combined effect of time and advertisement/promotion, it would give us an even clearer picture of the success or

Managing Across Organizational & Cultural Boundaries Essay

Managing Across Organizational & Cultural Boundaries - Essay Example One of the perspectives of power that Wal-Mart will use in dealing with the suppliers is the use of zero tolerance where all undesirable practices like subcontracting will be imposed to severe penalties without the company knowledge (Fishman, 2006). The penalties will start to be effective on March again all the companies that are not allowed to manufacture and supply clothes to Wal-Mart will be published on the website explaining that the company is not genuine. The second perspective is accountability and ownership of the supplier who must be certified to make sure that they are going to be accountable of what they are going to supply to Wal-Mart (Stern, 1969). The reason why Wal-Mart need accountability and ownership to a specific country is to ensure that compliance will be achieved making sure that third party agents are eliminated in the supply chain. Wal-Mart is open to any supplier who can supply clothing without subcontracting or use of third party agents who normally supply brands at expensive price as compared to those companies that are ordered to supply brands to Wal-Mart. Another perspective of power that Wal-Mart will consider is improved safety in the factories, for example, the suppliers from United States and Canada will have to meet so that the new policy change of improved safety can be deliberated upon (Buzzell, 1987). The local governments and suppliers will have to carry the safety precaution and measures need to boost factory safety. The reason is because employees in the factories are experiencing death that emanate from poor conditions from the factories and thus the reason as to why Wal-Mart is restricting the suppliers from subcontracting their orders. The expectation of Wal-Mart is that the known factory that have been given the orders will be the only one who will supply brands without involving third party agents who do not provide high quality clothing and within the stipulated time. One of the sources of power in Wal-Mart

Islamic And Conventional Worldview

Islamic And Conventional Worldview Worldview refers to a general conception of the nature of the world , particularly as containing or implying a system of value-principles. Any total philosophical system may be so styled which derives practical consequences from its theoretical componentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦... According to that definition, such a system of value-principles may be inspired by religious tenets or by moral philosophy independent of religion. And also, the distinctive spiritual and material aspect of the society and individual lives in often end to mold their worldview. Therefore, in making a choice, someone is imperative to look at the worldview dynamics from the different social systems rest on. Individual in a society can still have their own principles or variations, but hopefully their average behavior would tend to conform to the norms of what has socially been agreed upon. Worldview is considered as evolutionary and architectonic rather than contextual. Social phenomena are dynamic and because of the interaction between the changing realities of life and the social worldview perception, the latter invariably has a temporal dimension. Thus, worldview remains in a process of change and reconstruction over time around some unalterable elements. Therefore, because of worldview is coming from human being, it then starts to think about religious worldview, such as Islamic worldview. Since factors affecting worldview differ, different worldview exits, leading to different system for different people. Secular and materialist worldview attach minimum importance to the material aspect of human well being and tend to ignore the importance of the spiritual aspect. They often argue that maximum material well-being can be best solution if the individuals are given unhindered freedom to pursue their self interest and to maximize their want satisfaction in keeping with their own tastes and preferences. In their extreme form they do not recognize any role for divine guidance in human life and place full trust in the ability of human beings to chalk out the proper with the help of their reason. That understanding of religion actually is not necessarily accepted nor applicable to all societies and civilization. The Christian civilization has experience and history which is inclined to secularize as follows : à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â €š ¬Ã‚ ¦ this dichotomy between the religious and the remainder of human life is a western product and concernà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. This distinction between the sacred and profane, between religion and other aspects of human endeavor is a result of the process of secularization that has been the experiences of Christian/Western civilization especially since the 17th century (Encyclopedia of Religion 12, 1987). Thus, in such worldview, there is little role for values or government intervention in the efficient and equitable allocation and distribution of resources. When we identify whether social interest is served, the answer is that, government has given to everyone to pursue his/her interest, and they argue that social interest will automatically serve. There is no doubt that under its secular and materialist worldview, the market system led to a long period of prosperity, however, this unprecedented prosperity did not lead to the elimination of poverty or the fulfillment of everyones needs in conformity with the Judeo-Christian value system even in the wealthiest countries. Even, Marx which is proponent of socialist ideology, came up with the notion, the methodological struggle for economists was to alienate political economy from ethics. It is with Marx that the methodological problem in political economy became the demarcation of economic science from the ideology. So, the question later on, is there a place for morality in economics? Leading thinkers on methodological issues have adopted definitions of economics that put the subject in a wider perspective, and ultimately raise moral and religious issues. Pareto pointed out that political economy did not have to take morality into account, but an economist who extolled a particular practical measure should consider the moral as well as the economic consequences. Real men included not only homo oeconomicus, but also homo ethicus and homo religious. However, the economists who, in commending in law, consider only the economic effect was, in Paretos view, not much of a theories. When science become advance, then not only are the different parts of a phenomenon separated, but they are subsequently put together in a synthesis. Hence, the economic, ethical, and religious consequences have all to be taken into account. Nobel-laureate Amartya Sen has, therefore, rightly argued that the distancing of economics from ethics has impoverished welfare economics and also weakened the basis of a good deal of descriptive and predictive economics and that economics can be made more productive by paying greater and more explicit attention to ethical consideration that shaped human behavior and judgment. Hausman and McPherson also conclude in their survey article Economics and Contemporary Moral Philosophy that An economy that is engaged actively and self-critically with the moral aspects of its subject matter cannot help but more interesting and more illuminating and, ultimately, more useful than one that tries not to be . In contrast with this, religious worldview give attention to both the material as well as the spiritual aspect of human well-being. Islam also support to that statement. In Islam, the dichotomy and separation from other aspects of life are considered as contradictory, incoherent, and meaningless. Since religion of Islam is not human creation of, and for infantile man but it is a representative of a way of life for all times. Islam has come up with the concept of din, which is perfectly being taught ,including the Islamic worldview. As mentioned by Watt (1979, 3-4), the term din refer more to a :à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..whole way of lifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦covers both the private and public/societal lives of man, it permeates the whole fabric of society, and included theological dogma, forms of worship, political theory, and a detailed code of conduct, including even matters which the European would classify as hygiene or etiquetteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. In addition, an Islamic worldview gives the meaning and purpose in our act ions. It also dealing with why and how we exist, and it means that actually what ethical or moral values we should partake in, later on what type of behavior or actions we should consider as right or wrong. This is closely related with the concept of din in Islam. Since din is meant the place which man tested and asked by God to follow the straight path of the din. Therefore, all knowledge, notably economics discipline, is basically corrigible except the knowledge revealed by God. Furthermore, under the Islamic worldview, God has created the universe for the benefit of all creatures; with man made as His vicegerent. He has made the resources of the universe available to man who has the responsibility to make the best use of these resources without spreading corruption. ISLAMIC WORLDVIEW AND MAQASID AS SYARIAH The Islamic worldview also has well spell out objectives known as maqasid al-syariah. These are meant to promote the welfare of the entire mankind, and enjoin on believers the safeguarding of their faith, their human self, their intellectual, their posterity, and their wealth. Furthermore, in dealings with this, Islam has encouraged co-operation to achieve Maslahah (benefit in every day communal life. The other parts of maqasid is establishing justice which is indeed a manifestation of gods mercy, but may also be seen as a principal objective of the shariah in its own right. Justice as a value or primary objective of the shariah which is everyone in Islam must establish an equilibrium between rights and obligations. The other purposes of maqasid is to educating the individual. In fact, in order to priority, it may even though to be placed before maslahah and adl. Essentially, community oriented values that acquire much of their meaning in the context of social relations, whereas the former seeks to make each individual a trustworthy agent just so as to strive to realize these values which benefit himself and the community. Indeed, the overall purpose of a great number of the stipulation of the shariah, especially in the spheres of Ibadah and akhlaq, is to train the individual to acquire the virtues of taqwa, and thus, to aid the fulfillment of the objective. ISLAMIC WORLDVIEW AND ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE Islamic worldview is one of paradigm which are Muslim must be having. Islamic worldview is considered as purpose in our actions, since it gives the answers to questions dealing with why and how we exist. Therefore, Islamic worldview is able to direct on what type of behavior or actions we should consider right or wrong. As worldview also is defined as how one sees the world. Hence, value is attached to knowledge that one receives, because the information is processed by the knowledge-giver first before it passed down to the recipient. This knowledge, together with the value attached to it, is then assimilated into ones mental framework and worldview. Accordingly, due to the impact of worldviews and the values attached to knowledge that would impact ones perspective on life. Having viewed the important of knowledge, the Islamic scholars, such as Al Attas and Ismail Al-Faruqi come up with the notion, called to Islamization of Knowledge (IOK). Hence, IOK is a term which describes a vari ety of attempts and approaches to synthesize the ethics of Islam. Al- Attas adds up that the fundamental crisis of the modern-day ummah to be epistemological in nature-that is having its roots in the very conception of knowledge. This brought about the contents of their education by willing to take bold measure and introduce curriculum reform in particularly Islamic economics programme. Also, the further challenge in terms of knowledge, is that, the curriculum must has the ability to shed light the different between what is considered as knowledge and not. Al-Attas adds up to identify the confusion of knowledge must be eliminated et all since it can exhaust the moral values of Ummah and lead to a loss of adab and subsequently the rise of false leaders that would exacerbate the confusion of knowledge. Having realized of what important the IOK agenda is, we have to deal with the concept of existing modern knowledge which have been embodied in current system and how to develop IOK. In terms of the modern knowledge, Al-Attas had given his conception, is that, every Muslims have to call for the recognition of the proper authorities of knowledge. This means that since the modern knowledge or the west knowledge is at the forefront of science and technology and hence, Muslims are urge d to learn from them. However, the Muslim should possess the metaphysical (Islamic) worldview necessary to filter out theories, that are not in line with the aqidah and tasawwuf. He also noted that Muslim, in pursuit the knowledge, does not just stop at the reinterpretation of secular knowledge, but also should also possess the ability to form and establish new theories and solutions that support the Islamic worldview. And finally, the Muslim should be aware the supreme goal for knowledge is that the spiritual and immaterial in nature. Subsequently, to conduct IOK agenda need to further discussions and interpretations. The spirit of how to perform IOK agenda is that, the notion to integrate the two education stream, the heritage and modern knowledge. Later on, in this context, Al-Alwani (1989, p.89) states that the IOK agenda require the combination of two readings. Therefore, the IOK agenda requires six discourses, namely articulating the Islamic paradigm of knowledge and developing a Quranic Methodology, establishing a methodology which is dealing with the Quran and Sunnah, reexamining the Islamic intellectual heritage, dealing with the western intellectual heritage. Beside Al-Alwani, Ragab (1995, 1997, and 1999) was propounded the idea of creative engagement which ultimately was proposing a unified integral theoretical framework. He also signifies that the Islamizers should be qualified which are able to understand and mastery the substantive knowledge in the modern sciences , and has to involve in an understanding of the Islamic Worldview, and capable of propounding a critical evaluation and modification of modern social sciences from an Islamic viewpoint. Wan Mohd. Nor, 1998, also attempts to note that IOK can be done by those who have a profound grasp of the nature, spirit, and attributes of Islam as religion, culture, and civilization as well as western culture and civilization. Unless the Islamizers clearly understand the Islamic worldview, they may not know what need to be isolated and what need to be infused, what are acceptable, what are not and what the Islamic alternatives are. Since, according to Al-Attas, IOK is an epistemological and methodological concern, dealing with how Islamically creative minds can evaluate modern knowledge using Islamic benchmarks. Thus, at the end of the process, Islamizers fervently wish to come up with idea of reconstruction or reformulation of contemporary knowledge and disciplines, either those existing or the creation of new disciplines if necessary. CONCLUSION Islamic worldview is considered and defined as general conception of the nature of the world in Islamic perspective. It contains a system of values principles, which based on dien of Islam. Islamic worldview would give meanings and purpose of all actions done by human beings, particularly Muslims. Muslims will be guided and directed to the area of inline with aqidah, tasawuff, and syariah principles and values. Ethical or moral values is viewed to be a central and basic every endeavor in performing activities, which are categorized as ibadah or muamalah. Subsequently, one attempts to apply and synthesize the ethic of Islam with modern thought is by introducing Islamization of Knowledge (IOK). IOK seems to be essential to be established is shedding out and considered as positive ways to mitigate the problem of corruption of knowledge which is believed has brought up the backwardness of Muslims ummah. In its implementation, IOK agenda is trying to integrate between the heritage of Isla m with modern knowledge by undertaking a certain methodology. Certainly, integrating of two types of knowledge need a qualified Islamizer which require to understand the Islamic worldview comprehensively and perfectly. The future of Conventional Accounting The traditional Western double-entry based accounting technology is well-suited to an orthodox, positivist society of any kind. It is not surprising that it is proving inadequate, as people are returning to more integrated world views, whether Islamic or otherwise (Hayashi, 1989) Critics on Conventional Accounting Externalities is not included in financial report (Lee Parker, environmental accounting) Intangible asset cannot be measured adequately(Lev Baruch) Human resources and employee reporting interest are not included. Social Interest is overlooked Promote the exploitation of capitalist over labor and society. Promote the concentration of wealth and power o the hand of the rich. What is Islam? Peace (in this world and hereafter) obedience to Allah as his/her God, comply with the motivation of Gods creation of Man, which is to serve Allah, to be his viceregent on earth. A comprehensive worldview, a unity of God, and an integration between world and hereafter. Islamic principles: truth, justice, fair, goodwill, honesty, benevolent, accountability before the God. Islams epistemology of Devine Unity: The Islamic world view is thereby, the comprehensive and universalizing, overreaching and complementing design of reality that is premise on the epistemology of divine unity and is evolved into intellection through the process orientation model of unification of knowledge in world system as derived from the primal sources of divine unity. Islamic Rules: Allah (God) gives two guidance for mankind: al-Quran (revealed world of God ) and Hadist/Sunnah: Prophet Saying, Gods inspired acts, description of the conduct of the prophets companion of which Mohammad was uncritical. Ijtihad/ijma: shuratic and consensus process. Guidance are related to all daily life of mankind including in business, management, and finance. The phenomena of nature can be also a sign of Gods power and existence. The purpose of shariah (Islamic law) To promote the welfare of the people which lies on: Safeguarding of their faith Their life Their intellect Their posterity and Their Wealth Quranic verse on Accounting i.e. Albaqarah (2) ayah 282: Oh you who believe! When you deal with each other, in transaction involving future obligations in a fixed period of time, reduce them in writing. Let a scribe write down faithfully as between parties. There is an integration between worship ritual and socio-economy-politico and daily life of mankind. Allah rules out business and accounting. Islamic accounting: Hayashi is an integrated discipline with social, political and economic domain ruled by Allah or meta rule. Islamic accounting should regulate and establish a harmonious integration among the parties of these diverse domain. Ancient Accounting Role in Islamic State is Muhasabah, it means: Calculation of ones act Clear the account, make neutral To take care of, to try to find To anticipate a reward in the hereafter To take into account, into consideration To order Muslim to perform their duties To avoid fraudulent practices in business and society, to check illegal contract, keep free market and fair price, prevent necessities from being hoarded. (Hayashi, 1989) Islamic Accounting 1. To report accurate income determination 2. To promote efficiency and leadership 3. To comply with the shariah (Islamic principles) 4. Commitment to justice 5. To report a good things 6. To adapt to positive social change. Conventional vs Islamic Accounting: Conventional Accounting: Based upon modern commercial law-permissive rather than ethical Limited disclosure (provision of information subject to public interest) Personal accountability (focus on individuals who control resources) Economic rationalism Secular Individualistic Profit maximization Survival of fittest Process Absolute ownership (Ec. rationalism: the desire to stand apart from others, to compete, to manipulate and to amass surplus) Individuality oriented Focus on individuality aspect without consider any social aspects Accounting Law and Ethics Secular The normative accounting always influencing descriptive accounting or individuality interest In operational, they permit everything to reach the highest profit Measure as highest possible profit Historical Cost Firm doses not have separate financial obligation (I.e profit sharing scheme) Depend on contractual agreement between party One lunar year for zakat calculation Quantity based and monetary based (zakat calculation) Importance for fulfillment of duties and obligation to God, society and individual. Clear conscience with God in fulfilling all duties. Consistence to shariah rules Most favorable to society (justice) Islamic Accounting Based upon ethical law originating in the Quran (Islamic law, As-Sunnah) Full disclosure (to satisfy any reasonable demand for information in accordance with the Sharia) Public accountability (focus on the community who participate in exploiting resources) Unity of God Religious Communal Reasonable profit Equity Environment Relative ownership Focus on society aspect Basically Al Quran As Sunnah (Shariah) Religious (must responsibility to God at the Judgment Day) No differentiation between Normative and Descriptive Accounting (They always going simultaneously) In operational, they do everything in boundaries of Islam (Shariah) Measure as saleable value Market (selling) price rather than historical cost [Entity]Separation between business and owners [going concern] Business continues forever [Accounting period] Periodical measurement of performance [unit of measure] Monetary Value [Full disclosure principle] Decision making process [objectivity] Reliability of measurement [Materiality] Relative importance of information for decision making [Consistency] Consistency based on GAAP [Conservatism] Use least favorable impact on owners